July 17
1203: The Knights of the Fourth Crusade captureConstantinople forcing the Byzantine emperor Alexius III Angelus to flee fromhis capital into exile. Unlike otherCrusades, the focus of the Fourth Crusade was the Byzantine Empire and its capitalConstantinople rather than Jerusalem.The Fourth Crusade was really a clash between two different groups ofChristians and a fight over commercial interests. Unlike the other crusades, the Fourth did notproduce any great overt anti-Semitic activities. But it did keep the crusading spirit aliveand subsequent crusades did result in more harm to various Jewish communities. The most significant lesson of the FourthCrusade was that it was a classic example of religion being manipulated forreasons that had nothing to do with God or His teachings; something that hauntsthe Jews of the world down to modern times.
1245: HolyRoman Emperor Frederick II who refuted the concept of Jewish ritual murders wasfound guilty of sacrilege at the First Council of Lyons.
1270: While onCrusade with the King of France, the English prince Edward Longshanks, who asKing Edward expelled the Jews from England, land at Carthage today.
1272: PopeGregory X issued a bull prohibiting accusations of blood-ritual killings
1287: FortyJews - men, women and children - were killed by a mob in Oberwesel (Germany)after a ritual murder accusation. The rioting spread down the Rhineland.
1392: KingPedro I (1357–67) of Portugal ordered the compliance of the bull of PopeBoniface IX protecting Jews from forced baptism. He also extended it to SpanishJewish Refugees.
1402: Start ofthe reign of Chinese Ming Emperor Yongle who bestowed “honors on Jewishphysician, Y’en Ch’eng
1414: A newedict was issued by the regent in the name of her infant son Don Ferdinand thatoffered some slight improvement to the conditions of the Jews of Castile.
1510:Following testimony by a Christian that he had been hired to steal consecrated hosts, 36 Jews were burned at thestake today in Berline.
1537: Bostonborn English Protestant clergyman and historian John Foxe whose famous literarywork, Book of Martyrs “included stories of Jews” and whose writings on Jewsshow how a powerful writer conceived of the place of Jews in a newlyself-concious, Protestant English national identity amidst conflicting currentsof theology, race, and politics” “took his bachelor’s degree today,” six yearsbefore he “took his master’s degree.”
1537: Justbefore their marriage, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn visited the estate now knownas Mote Park which Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted would buy in1895 and expand and improve in the years prior to WW I and which his son WalterSamuel, 2nd Viscount Bearsted would sell to the Borough Council in1929.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park#/media/File:MoteHouse.jpg
1555: PopePaul IV issued, Cum Nimis Absurdum (,"Since it is absurd") the papal bull that ordered the creation of aJewish ghetto in Rome, setting its borders near the Rione Sant'Angelo, an areawhere large numbers of Jews already resided, and ordering it walled off fromthe rest of the city with a single gate, locked every day at sundown, as theonly means of reaching the rest of the city.
1555: 1555,Paul IV issued one of the most famous papal bulls in Church history. The bull,Cum Nimis Absurdum (the title stemmed from its opening phrase, "Since itis absurd") ordered the creation of a Jewish ghetto in Rome. The pope setit* borders near the Rione Sant'Angelo, an area where large numbers of Jewsalready resided, and ordered it walled off from the rest of the city. A singlegate, locked every day at sundown, was the only means of reaching the rest ofthe city. The Jews themselves were forced to pay all design and constructioncosts related to the project, which came to a total of roughly 300 scudi. Thebull restricted Jews in other ways as well. They were forbidden to have morethan one synagogue per city—leading, in Rome alone, to the destruction of seven"excess" places of worship. All Jews were forced to wear distinctiveyellow hats, especially outside the ghetto, and they were forbidden to trade ineverything but food and secondhand clothes.[9] Christians of all ages were encouragedto treat the Jews as second-class citizens; for a Jew to defy a Christian inany way was to invite severe punishment, often at the hands of a mob. By theend of Paul IV's five-year reign the number of Roman Jews had dropped byhalf.[8] Yet his anti-semitic legacy endured for over 300 years: the ghetto heestablished ceased to exist only with the dissolution of the Papal States in1870. Its walls were torn down in 1888
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_IV#/media/File:VicoloCapocciutoInGhettoByRoeslerFranz.jpg
1588: MimarSinan, the chief architect and leading civil engineer under Suleiman theMagnificent passed away today. Suleiman had ordered that fortress-like walls bebuilt around Jerusalem, walls that can be seen today when one enters “the OldCity.”
1549: All Jewsand Marranos were expelled from Ghent, Belgium.
1676: In thevillage of De Rijip, Holland Johannes Reland, a Protestant minister, and AagjePrins gave birth to Adriaan Reland one of the first of the modern historicgeographers of Palestine whose works included Antiquitates Sacrae veterum Hebraeorum and Palaestina ex monumentis Veterisillustrata
1724(26thof Tammuz, 5484): Sara Wertheimer the daughter of Samson Wertheimer and FrumetBrülle who married Moses L. I. zur Kann,the son of Rabbi Löb Isaak zur Kann passed away today
1762:Catherine II becomes Tsarina of Russia upon the murder of Peter III ofRussia. Known to history as Catherinethe Great, Russia’s ruler participated in the partition of Poland along withPrussia and Austria. In acquiring hersection of Poland, Catherine acquired a large Jewish population. Although her first reaction to these newJewish subjects was restrained but comparatively enlightened, in the last yearsof her reign, Catherine took the first measures which would lead to what becameknown as the Pale of Settlement.
1763: Birthdate of John Jacob Astor. Born inGermany he parlayed his role in the fur trade into one of America’s earlyfortunes. There is a great deal of debate surrounding Astor’s ethnic origins.In this case, we will give him the benefit of the doubt.
1764(17thof Tammuz, 5524): Tzom Tammuz observed the day after 23 year old Czar Ivan VIwhose throne had usurped by his cousin Elizabeth was killed by the guards atthe prison where he had spent most of his life.
1765:Birthdate of Newport, RI, native Bilhah Elizer, the daughter of Isaac Elizer.
1774(9thof Av, 5534): Tish’a B’Av is observed for the last by Jews in the thirteencolonies as subjects of King George.
1779: InPhiladelphia, Eleazar Lyons and his wife gave birth to Judah Lyons the husbandof Mary Levy whom he married in New York, the same city in which he passedaway.
1785(10th ofAv, 5545) Tish'a B'Av (observed)
1786:Birthdate of Henri Castro, a native of Bayonne, France who brought hundreds offamilies to Texas where they settled in an area of west of San Antonio. The town of Castroville, Texas and CastroCounty are named after him which attests to his importance.
1789: SirSampson Gideon, “the son of another Sampson Gideon, a Jewish banker in the Cityof London who advised the British government in the 1740s and 1750s, “legallychanged his surname to that of Eardley and in the same year he was created anIrish peer, with the title of Baron Eardley, of Spalding in the County ofLincoln.”
1789: SirSampson Gideon, the son of Sampson Gideon, “a Jewish banker in the City ofLondon during the 1740’s and 1750’s” who had married Maria Wilmot in 1768,“legally changed his surname to that of Eardley” following which “he wascreated an Irish peer, with the title of Baron Eardley, of Spalding in theCounty of Lincoln.”
1793: Second of the three partitions of Polandtakes place as Russia, Prussia and Austria divide this once proud kingdom hometo one of Europe’s largest Jewish communities.As a result of the partitions, Russia, which had worked to remainJew-free, would find itself home to millions of Jews.
1794:Birthdate of Oldenberg, Germany native and immigrant to England Lehman MeyerGluckstein, the husband of Helena Horn with whom he had nine children.
1794:Birthdate of (Asher) Lehman Meyer Gluckstein, the native of Oldenberg, Germanyand husband of Helena Horn with whom he had nine children
1799: EmanuelJoseph married Sarah Solomon Wilks at the Great Synagogue today.
1800:Birthdate of Abraham Basch, the native of Posen who served as the secretary tothe Mayor of Landsberg and was a Hebrew teach at Weyl’s seminary.
1803: InLondon, Samuel Gershon and Elizabeth Kahn gave birth to Rachel Gershon whobecame Rachel Solomons when she married Abraham Solomons.
1804(9thof Av,5563): Tish’a B’Av observed on the same that the Lewis and ClarkExpedition spent the day at a “Bald Plated Prairie” in what would become thestate of Missouri just “below the present-day Iowa border.”
1806: HymanCollins and Mary Davis, who were married in the Western Synagogue, gavebirth to Henry Collins.
1806: The lastauto-de-fe ordered by the Inquisition of Peru was held today.
1810: ReformJudaism was born in the town of Seesen in central Germany with a stated missionto modernize Judaism and create a bridge between Jewish life and thesurrounding culture.
1811: In“Spanish Town, Jamaica,” Abraham Quixano Henriques” and Leah Rachel De Leongave birth to Jacob Quixano Henriques, the husband of Elizabeth Waley with whomhe had six London born children.
1815: InFrance, Napoleon surrenders at Rochefort, Charente-Maritime to British forces.Napoleon’s final defeat would lead him to permanent exile on St. Helena. His final defeat brought a wave of reactionas the remnants of the old régime in France and Europe sought to regain theirold power and undo the changes wrought by the French Revolution. This reactionary wave would have a negativeeffect on the Jewish people and would be one of the driving forces that led tonext wave of Jewish immigration to the United States.
1820: A dayafter she had passed away, 30-year-old Ann Davis, the wife of Mordecai Moseswas buried today at the Brady Street Jewish Cemetery.
1821(17thof Tammuz, 5581): Tzom Tammuz
1823(9thof Av, 5583): Tish’a B’Av observed on the same day that Simon Bolivar led rebeltroops at the Battle of Ibarra
1835: Todayformer Georgia governor and U.S. Senator was “appointed Commissioner to executethe Cherokee Treaty of 1835” was at time when Dr. Phillip Minis the wife ofDinah Cohen and Philip Minis, part of the Georgia Jewish Minis clan, wasserving as “the Disbursing Agent of the Indian Department.”
1836: Today, WilsonLumpkin, the former governor of Georgia and a United States Senator wasappointed “Commissioner to execute the Cherokee Treaty of 1835 at time when Dr.Philip Minis, the son Isaac Minis and Dinah Cohen “was the Disbursing Agent ofthe Indian Department, U.S.A.”
1838: InLondon, Nathaniel and Sarah Lindo gave birth to Gabriel Lindo the solicitorwhose many communal activities included serving as Vice President of theSpanish and Portuguese Jews’ Synagogue and the Jewish Board of Guardians andwho was the husband of Miriam Da Costa, the daughter of Charles M. Da Costa.
1840(16thof Tammuz, 5600): Isaac Leonini Azulay, author of the Spanish comedy "ElDelinquente Honrado," who “married Bella Friedlaender, a cousin of ChiefRabbi Herschell” passed away today.
1841(28th ofTammuz, 5601): On the secular calendar, Rebbe Moshe Teitelbaum of Ujhel, knownas the Yismach Moshe, founder of the Satmar sect, passed away.
1842(10th ofAv, 5602Tish'a B'Av (observed)
1841:Birthdate of Viennese native and anti-Semitic agitator George Von Schonerer who“entered the Austrian Diet in 1873.
1843: InSoulon, France, Polish Jewish émigré Vincent Jastremski and his wife gave birthto Leon Jastremski, the veteran of the Confederate Army and three term mayor ofBaton Rouge who, to the discredit of the Jewish people wrote “an editorialnoted for its advocacy of racial segregation.
https://www.lib.lsu.edu/sites/default/files/sc/findaid/2951.pdf
1847: MosesDavid Hyams, the Charleston, SC born son of Rebecca and David Hyams and hiswife Susanna Hyams gave birth to Augustus M. Hyams.
1848: InKovno, Mollie and Lewin Fine gave birth to poet 1930Israel Fine the husband ofMinnie Rakusin and member of both the ZOA and Shearith Israel in Baltimore whowas the founder and owner of the clothing Firm of Israel Fine and Son inBaltimore.
https://jewishmuseummd.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?keyword=Fine%2C%20Israel
1850(8thof Av, 5610): Erev Tish’a B’Av observed on the same day that “Daniel Webster ofMassachusetts, one of the great political orators of the 19th century,delivered a farewell address before resigning from a Senate seat he held for 19years to accept President Millard Fillmore’s offer to become secretary ofstate.” (As reported by Andrew Glass)
1854: Anexcerpt published today from Little’s Living Age described Doctor Wolffas being the real Wandering Jew, who is not the melancholy figure “of the poetand novelist” “but a “fat, jolly Jew for‘whom the law having a shadow of good things to come.’”
1855: InCleveland, OH, Bernard and “Dorothea (Deborah) Weidenthal gave birth to WoosterUniversity trained medical doctor and pathologist Nathan Weidenthal, theassociate professor of “diseases of children” at the College of Physicians andSurgeons in Cleveland who was the husband of Ernestine Newman.
1859(15th ofTammuz, 5619): Fourteen-year old Mary Louisa Levy, the daughter of Dutch nativeMartha Ezekiel and Jacob Abraham Levy passed away today in her native Richmond,VA after which she was buried in the Hebrew Cemetery.
1859: SamuelIsaac Joseph Schereschewsky, a Lithuanian born Jew was ordained today at St.George’s Church in New York City.
1860:Birthdate of Budapest born Hungarian educator and “founding member of theInternational Olympic Committee” Ferenc Kemény, whose “original name was Kohn”which “betrayed” his “Jewish origins” that led him and his wife to commitsuicide in 1944 to escape “the deadly wrath of the Arrow Cross” and beingtransported to the death camps..
http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/FerencKemeny.htm
1861:Union forces that would come to include the Cameron Dragoons (officially the 65thRegiment led by Colonel Max Friedman and which contained a large segment ofPhiladelphia Jews) skirmished at Vienna, Virginia, for a second time, as theymade their way to Manassas where they would fight the First Battle of Bull Run.
1862:Legislation abolishing discrimination against the service of chaplains in theUnited States army became a law. Inother words, Rabbis could now serve as Chaplains.
1862: Congresschanged the wording in the law to include the words "religiousdenomination" instead of "Christian denomination," and legaldiscrimination against Jews ended in the military which led to Rabbi Fischelfinally being commissioned to serve as the chaplain of the 5th PennsylvaniaCavalry.” (As described by Seymour “Sy” Brody)
1862: At therequest of the Lincoln administration, the chaplain act was amended to providefor the appointment of Catholic, Protestant and Jewish chaplains.
1863: InHungary, Ignacz Braunfeld and his wife gave birth to Julius Branufeld, thehusband of Meta Schroder Braunfeld who served as a cantor at Temple Sinai inNew Orleans after having filled that same position for congregations inBrooklyn and Milwaukee, WI.
1863(1st ofAv, 5623): Rosh Chodesh Av observed as the Union Army defeated the Rebels atthe Battle of Honey Springs sixty-five miles west of Fort Smith in what is nowOklahoma.
1864: In NewYork City, Moses and Caroline Levy Toch gave birth to Columbia trainedindustrial chemist Dr. Maximilian Toch, the “president and chief chemist ofToch Brothers, Inc. and chairman of Standard Varnish Works “called America’sfirst camofleur” for his work in camouflaging the Panama Canal and developingthe gray paint used to “hide” U.S. Navy ships who raised four daughters –Elain, Constance, Alma and Maxine – with his wife “the former Hermine E. Levy.”
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1946/05/31/88366766.pdf
1865: InDarmstadt in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, “publisher and politician FriedrichDernburg,” a member of a distinguished Jewish family who converted toLutheranism and his wife Luise Stahl gave birth to banker and political leaderBerhard Dernburg who died in 1937 thus avoiding the effect of the NurembergLaws that would have classified him as a Jew.
1868:Birthdate of Henri Nathansen, “a Danish writer and stage director, today bestknown for the play Inside the Walls (Danish: Indenfor Murene” who passed awayin 1944.
1871(28thof Tammuz, 5631): Twenty-nine year old Polish born musical prodigy Carl Tausigpassed away today.
1871: In NewYork City, “German-American violinist and composer Karl Feininger and Americansinger Elizabeth Feininger” gave birth to “caricaturist, comic strip artists”and “expressionist painter” Lyonel Charles Feininger
1871: Threedays after he had passed away, 28-year-old Lionel Pyke, the son of Maurice andHannah Pyke was buried today at the West Harm Jewish Cemetery
1871:Hungarian born German actor Ludwig Barnay convened “the stage-congress atWeimar” today.
1872: Ohionative Rebecca Folz Lowenstein and Morris Lowenstein gave birth to Bertha LowensteinBrock, the sister of Irving, Benjamin Ristori, Edna and Sidney Lowenstein whowas buried at Temple Israel
Cemetery in Memphis, TN when she passed away.
1873(22ndof Tammuz, 5633): Fifty-two-year-old Babette Stettheimer, a sister of JosephSeligman passed away today.
1873(22ndof Tammuz, 5638): Fifty-seven-year-old Moritz Ritter von Todesco, the son of“Austrian financier and philanthropist Hermann Todesco” who was “an associationof the banking firm of Hermann Todesco’s Sons” passed away today.
1874: AdelaideNeilson, an actress admired by David Belasco, performed for the last time atthe Baldwin Theatre where Belasco was filling several capacities including“acting as an assistant to the prompter.”
1874:Professor C. H. Brigham of Ann Arbor, Michigan, read a paper on the “FalachaLanguage of Abyssinia” at a convention of linguists meeting in Hartford,Conn. According to Professor Brigham,who based his paper on the work of Dr. Joseph Haling, “the Flachas aredescendants of a tribe of Jews which settled in Abyssinia…” who have lost theirknowledge of Hebrew as both a written and spoken language. Their literature isbased on the translation of the book of Jonah and “four short prayers.
1875: InNewellton, LA, “Alexander and Lena Marks Cohn” gave birth to future New Orleansresident Solomon Lawrence “Sol” Cohn
1876: InBialystok, Anna and Moses Wallach, members of “a wealthy Jewish banking family”gave birth to their second son Max Wallach who gained fame as “Russianrevolutionary and Soviet diplomat Maxim Litvinov.”
1877: Duringthe Russo-Turkish War, the first Battle of the Shipka where Jewish soldiersdisplayed “dauntless courage began today.
1878:Birthdate of Russian native Dr. Eugene Jacob Asniswho served on the faculty of Temple University and reached the rank of Majorwhile serving in the Army during WW I.
1878:Schedules showing the liabilities and assets of Barnet L. Solomon, Solomon B.Solomon Judah H. Solomon and Simon Solomon, the owners of B.L Solomon’s Sons,the major upholstery dealers who recently filed for bankruptcy, were filed inthe Court of Common Pleas. Their assetstotaled $224. 799/31 and their liabilities totaled $1,144,753.88. The firm’sdemise was caused by a combination of poor business conditions and a downturnin the real estate market.
1879:Birthdate of Leo I. Samuelson, the native of Illinois who was appointed to Westpoint in 1888 and who in 1903, as a Second Lieutenant transferred from the 2ndInfantry Regiment to the 7th Infantry Regiment.
1879:Birthdate of Seumas O’Sullivan, the Irish poet and author who married Estella Francis Solomons, a leading Irishartist who was a member of one of Ireland’s oldest and most renowned Jewishfamilies.
1879: Aconcert and festival sponsored by the Young Men’s Hebrew Union is scheduled totake place at the Terrace Garden
1879(26th ofTammuz, 5639): Maurycy Gottlieb, Jewish painter who came from a family ofPolish-speaking Galician Jews passed away.Two of his more famous paintings are “Shylock and Jessica” and “JewsPraying in the Synagogue on Yom Kippur.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shylock_e_jessica.jpeg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gottlieb-Jews_Praying_in_the_Synagogue_on_Yom_Kippur.jpg
1880(9thof Av, 5640): Parashat Devarim; Erev Tish’a B’Av
1880: InHungary, Moishe Schofneld and his wife gave birth to Dr. Lazar Schonfeld, thehusband of “the former Helen Samish” whoserved as “chief rabbi of Hungary before coming to the United States in 1925”where he served “as the rabbi of BethDavid Agudath Achim Synagogue in the Bronx” and as a “broadcaster for the Voiceof America.”
1880: Dr.Manly Emanuel’s son, Jonathan Manly Emanuel who had been serving in the UnitedStates since 1862 completed three months overseeing the machinery of theIronclads, “Ajax, Catskill, Lehigh, Mahopac and Manhattan” were “anchored inthe James River off Brandon, VA.”
1880: Harper’sWeekly published illustrations depicting scenes from the Seawanhaka tragedyamong whose victims was former 12th District Assemblyman Joseph I.Stein.
1881: AnEnglish quarterly publication, The Contemporary Review examined the life of thelate Ferdinand Lassalle. Base on the wayhe lived his life the epitaph etched on his tomb “Ferdinand Lassalle, thinkerand fighter” was deemed to be quite appropriate. Lassalle was a rare combination ofphilosophical think, political agitator and oddly enough fashion dandy “notedfor his dress for dinners and his addiction for pleasures.”
http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E02E2D9153BE033A25754C1A9619C94609FD7CF
1882(1st of Av, 5642): Rosh ChodeshAv
1882: As theFreight Handler’s Strike entered its fifth week, the workers took steps to keep“scabs” away from the piers and docks. The Russian Jews have gathered atStandard Hall on East Broadway where they are being three meals a day: breadand coffee in the morning; meat and soup at noon; tea and bread in theevening. The strikers are also providingthem with lodging in a tenement to keep these destitute people from being“scabs.” Similar efforts are being madewith other immigrant groups.
1882: A reportpublished today attributed “the incapacity” of Russian Jews to perform manuallabor when compared to their “muscular Irish and German” counterparts to diet.“A single piece of black bread soaked in water and a banana or tow constitute afull meal…Occasionally their bill of fare embraces beer and cheese and crackersbut it is seldom that any of them eat meat or potatoes. The effect of this light diet is plainlyvisible in the shrunken forms, the listless actions and lack of endurance thatso plainly distinguish the Russian Jews…from other working men.”
1883: InVienna, Camilla Wertheim, the daughter of Dr. Gustav Carl Wertheim andWilhelmine Wertheim became Camilla Jellinek when she married thirty-two-year-oldProf. Dr. Georg Jellinek today,
1883: CharlesJoseph Cohen and Clotilda Florence Cohen gave birth to Albert Morris Cohen whoserved in the United States Navy during WW I.
https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/35775142?q&versionId=45097620
1883: InObdach, Austria, Betti and Adolf Zucker gave birth to future Californiaresident Leopold Zucker, the husband of Berta Zucker and the father of Alfredand Margit Zucker.
1884: It wasreported today that Lazarus Lemisch, his wife and five children who had justarrived in the United States were being sent back to Europe because, by his ownadmission, he was destitute with no prospects for financial assistance.
1884: WolfFinkelstein, a Russian Jewish immigrant arrived in New York on the SS Bohemia and was immediately sent toWard’s Island.
1884: It wasreported today that many of the Russian Jews who fled to Cyprus during therecent anti-Semitic violence have returned to Odessa. They were not able to support themselves onthe Mediterranean Island which is a British possession. This means that the returning Jews are nowBritish subject which means the British Consul General in the Russian port cityhas to provide them with some sort of assistance.
1885(5thof Av, 5645): Eighty-nine-year-old R’David Tebele Bondi, the Frankfurt,Germany, born son of Bella and “R’Jonas Moshe Bondi” and the “husband of MateleBondi” passed away today in Frankfurt.
1885: It wasreported today that in Great Britain, juror was excluded from hearing the caseof De Worms versus Hughes because he was Jewish
1886: “Art ToBe Seen At Rouen” published today described the “stain glass pottery and relicsof old wars” that can be seen at the Museum of Antiquities including a seriesof five stain glassed windows that depicts the history of the rich Jew whobribes a poor woman to bring him a consecrated wafer which he then stabs with adagger.” (The myth of Host Desecrationranked with the Blood Libel as cause for slaughter of Jews during the MiddleAges)
1887:Birthdate of Beatrice Fox Auerbach, thelongtime proprietor of the G. Fox & Company department store in Hartford,Connecticut.[some sources say July 7, 1887]. Auerbach was raised in Hartford,where her father ran the department store originally founded by and named afterhis father, Gerson Fox. In 1911, Auerbach moved to Salt Lake City to help hernew husband run his family's department store there. The couple returned toConnecticut six years later when the G. Fox & Company building burned.Beatrice Auerbach's husband became secretary and treasurer of the rebuiltstore, which occupied a twelve-story Art Deco building that dominatedHartford's Main Street. When her husband died in 1927, Auerbach stepped intohis business roles. She proved so good at running the business that when herfather died in 1938, she became president of G. Fox & Company. Over thenext three decades, Auerbach built G. Fox into the largest privately-helddepartment store in the United States. Under Auerbach's leadership, the storewas known for excellent service, but it was also remarkable for the benefitsextended to employees. Auerbach was among the first employers to introduce paidvacations and sick leave, and also among the first to hire African-Americans inmeaningful positions. Auerbach sold G. Fox & Company to the May Company,owner of Macy's, in 1965, although she remained involved in the day-to-dayoperations of the store. The sale allowed Auerbach to increase the charitablecontributions for which she was already well-known in Connecticut. The ServiceBureau for Women's Organizations that she had established in 1945 taughtleadership skills to members of women's groups. She also collaborated withConnecticut College for Women for over twenty years (1938-1959) in a retailingprogram that allowed participants to try out theories in the G. Fox store.Among the other beneficiaries of Auerbach's philanthropy were Trinity College,Wesleyan University, the University of Connecticut, and several Hartford-areacultural organizations. Auerbach died on November 29, 1968. G. Fox &Company closed permanently in 1992. The building, still a Hartford landmark,was later converted for use as a community college and retail shops.
1888(9thof Av, 5648): Tish’a B’Av
1888: In theUkraine, Shalom Mordechai Czaczkes and Esther Czaczkes gave birth to Israelinovelist, Shmuel Agnon. Author of numerous books, including the Day BeforeYesterday, Agnon won the Nobel Prize in 1966.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1966/agnon-bio.html
1888:Birthdate of Arch Mandel, the native of Hungary who came to the United Statesin 1891 where he earned a bachelor’s degree from CCNY who was active in RussianWar Relief.
1889: “Here isComfort for Cantor” published today offered reassurance to State Senator JacobCantor that he should not be bothered by the fact that the Harlem Club isrejecting him because he was Jewish. “Inthe face of this foolish and un-Christian prejudice” he should remember thatthe “Blessed Redeemer would be rejected on the same grounds.”
1890: In Kieva grain dealer and his wife gave birth to Yiddish actor and comedian JuliusNathanson, the husband of actress Anna Nathanson who in 1905 settled in Chicagowhere he worked as a tailor for two years before starting a theatrical careerthat included joining the Boris Thomashefsky’s Peoples Theater and acting “atthe Second Avenue Theatre before “becoming a member of the executive committeeof the Hebrew Actors' Union and the editorial board of the Lexicon of theYiddish Theatre.”
https://www.museumoffamilyhistory.com/yt/lex/N/nathanson-julius.htm
https://www.jta.org/archive/julius-nathanson-yiddish-actor-dies-in-california-at-66
1890: Almostall of the striking cloak cutters, the vast majority of whom were Jewish,returned to work this morning with only one outstanding point of contention –the strikers demanded that all of the replacement workers or “scabs” must beterminated.
1891:Thirty-one Jewish immigrants from Russia were not allowed to land at the BargeOffice in New York “on the ground that they were like to become public charges.
1891: As oftoday, the Sanitarium for Hebrew Children has received $2,777.12 to help fundits summer programs.
1891: Birthdateof Louise M. Lehman Pollak, the wife of Cleveland native Robert M. Pollak andthe mother of Helen Pollak who died in childbirth in 1916.
1892:“Preparations for the Cholera” published today described the outbreak of thedisease which now has foothold in Odessa and Moscow. The effort to combat Cholera has beenhampered because “throughout Russia a large proportion of the capablephysicians have been driven away because they were Jewish.”
1892: “SummerStudy of Ethics” published today previewed the lectures to be offered TheSchool of Applied Ethics including a series on the religious ideas of theHebrews: “The Prophets” by George Moore that beings with the religion of Israelbefore the prophets; “The Religion of Ancient Persia and its Relations toJudaism by Professor A.V. Williams Jacksons; “The Ritual and Law by ProfessorMorris Jastrow; :The Psalter” by Professor John P. Peters; “The Wisdom Books”by Professor Crawford H. Toy and “The Talmud” by Dr. Emil G. Hirsch.
1892: ArthurRichard of New York arrived in New London, CT on his way to inspect the Jewishcolony at Chesterfield which is being supported by contributions by the BaronHirsch Fund.
1893: RegisterLevy, a leader of the Jewish community on New York’s Lower East Side, expressedhis surprise when asked about the derogatory, stereotypically anti-Semiticremarks attributed to Police Justice John J. Ryan who complained about that theHebrews flouted the law, had no fear of policemen and would claim that theywere the victims of religious persecution when they were charged withcrimes. “I have never known him to bearany malice or prejudice against any co-religionists.”
1893: PoliceJustice John J. Ryan claimed today that he had been misquoted and that he had “no desire to denounce Hebrews” and had in fact “always been theirfriends.” Ryan said that all he hadmeant to say, and all that he had really said, was that he enforce the lawagainst all “wrongdoers” including Hebrews regardless of their connections orpressure from local citizenry. Ryan’scontention that he had been “misquoted” and that the remarks of others werewrongly attributed to him, was supported by Mark Alter, the attorney for theHebrew Protective Association. [Ed. Note: When taken together, these commentsread like modern day “damage control.”What is fascinating is that as early as the last decade of the 19thcentury, the Jewish population was of a size that New York politicians had tobe cognizant of their feelings and views. This must have come as a shock tothose who arrived in the last ten years from Romania and Russia where thegovernments did not even know that Jews had opinions let alone politicalrights.]
1893: In NewYork City, “Henry and Sarah Scheuer gave birth to Sidney Henry Scheuer, the“executive director of the Foreign Economics Administration” and a “delegate tothe Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace.”
1893: “TheJews Fought Desperately” published today described last week’s attack by ananti-Semitic mob at Yalta during which the Jews fought back even though the mob“dragged” “dozens of the into thestreets” where they were beaten.
1893:Birthdate of Salt Lake City native Herbert Maurice Schiller, graduate of theUniversity of Utah and Harvard Law School who served as a state district courtjudge and was active with the National Council of Jewish Federations andWelfare Funds
1894: Thirty-one-year-oldLondon born painter and lithographer Albert Edward Stener who had moved to theUnited States in 1881 got married today.
1894: Fivedays after she had passed away, 42 year old Annie Abrahams, “the wife of IsaacAbrahams” was buried today at the West Ham Jewish Cemetery.
1895(25thof Tammuz, 5655): Forty-three year old Simon M. Ehrlich, the Chief Just of theCity Court in New York, passed away today after battling typhoid fever for thelast three weeks at his summer home in Throgg’s Neck, Long Island. Born inBoston, at the age of five he moved to New York where he graduated from CityCollege and Columbia Law School. After passing the bar in 1872, he was electedto a variety of judicial positions with the support of Tammany Hall.
1897:Birthdate of Boston native and Harvard alum Abraham Samuel Gutennan, the BostonUniversity trained attorney.
1897:Alexander Grossman presided over tonight’s meeting of the Russian-AmericanCitizens’ League where the candidacy of Seth Low for Mayor of New York wasendorsed by the attendees.
1898:According to a summary of the tenthannual report of the Jewish Publication Society of America published today the society has grown from 600 members to4,790 members 808 of whom live in Pennsylvania and 797 of whom live in New Yorkstate.
1900(20thof Tammuz, 5660): Seventy-eight-year-old Elijah Isaacs, the North Carolina bornson of Solomon and Lillian Isaacs and the husband of Sally Isaacs passed awaytoday after which he was buried in Watauga County, NC.
1901: At theOcean Grove Camp Meeting Association of the Methodist Episcopal Church ReverendDavenport delivered a lecture on “Palestine.”
1902: Herzl finishes a journey to London where hehad been seeking support for his plans for a Jewish homeland.
1903:Birthdate of Hiram "Harry" Bingham IV, a member of distinguished oldNew England family who saved the lives of thousands of Jews while serving asVice-Consul in Marseille, France.
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Binghams-List.html
1903:Birthdate of Josef Moll a member of the Ehrenfeld Group, was hanged in Colognefor his anti-Nazi resistance activities.
1903: TheJewish quarter of Ofran, Morocco was pillaged.
1903: InVienna, “Drs. Bodenheimer, Marmoerk and Farbstein” attended the opening sessionof the convention sponsored by the Committee on the National Fund.
1904: Eighty-four-year-oldWilhelm Marr, one of the leaders of the 19th century anti-Semitismof movement passed away today.
1904:Birthdate of New York native Herman Mantell,, the hold of a B.S. from CityCollege, and M.A. and Ph.D. from New York University and J.D. from New York LawSchool and the husband of the “former Pauline Schwartz, who a long time schoolprincipal and president of the Council of Jewish Organizations in CivilService.
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1971/04/16/82003466.html?pageNumber=40
1904(5thof Av, 5664): Sixty-eight-year-old Judith Seixas, the daughter of Hortensia andJacob Levy Seixas passed away today.
1904: Inresponse to a message from Dr. Harry Friedemward today, Sunday, memorialmeetings were held in many American cities to mark the passing of TheodorHerzl.
1905:Birthdate of Polish born journalist, Yiddish author and Labor Zions PinhusSztejnwaks, who in 1941 came to the United States where he ws a “UNcorrespondent and the editor of Tzion Neiss.”
1905(14thof Tammuz, 5665): Forty-two-year-old Dr. Gabriel Engelsman, the 1880 graduateof CCNY who “took post graduate courses at Yale, Harvard “and the Leipsic andVienna Universities” and became “an authority on the Comparative Grammar ofSemitic languages respected by “such scholars as Professor Ignaz Goldziher andProfessor Theodor Holdeke passed away today while serving as an instructor atCCNY and a teacher in the Temple Emanuel Religious School.
1905: USSHolland (SS-1) the United States Navy's first modern commissioned submarinewhich was built by the Electric Company under its president, German-Jewish bornAmerican businessman Issac Leopold Rice was decommissioned today
1906:Birthdate of Yitzhak Ben Aharon who when he died in 2006 was the last livingicon of the left-wing of the Israeli Labor Party.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2006/jun/05/guardianobituaries.israel
1906: CarlosPellegrini who was supportive of the idea settling Russian Jews in Argentinawhile serving as its President passed away today.
1906: Two daysafter she had passed away, 84 year old Rachel Levy, “the widow of Joseph Levy”was buried at the West Ham Jewish Cemetery.
1907:Birthdate of Chicago native and University of Chicagotrained attorney David L. Krooth, who served as assistant general counsel ofthe old U.S. Housing Authority and general counsel of the Federal PublicHousing Authority and the Defense Homes Corporation during the administrationsof FDT and HST and who raised two children – Dorothy and John – with his wifeMolly passed away today.
1907(7th ofAv, 5667): Fifty-four-year-old geologist, paleontologist and explore AngeloHeilprin passed away
http://www.jstor.org/stable/198438
1908: JosephHorwitz and Bayla Rutsteein gave birth to Dr. Israel Horwitz.
1909(28thof Tammuz, 5669): Parashat Matot-Masei
1909: In“Jewish Legends of Bible Times” published today, Dr. Abram S. Isaacs, theeditor of the Jewish Messenger, provided a complete review of The Legend ofthe Jews, Volume I by Louis Ginzberg, translated by Henrietta Szold.
1910: Smallpoxepidemic breaks out in Jerusalem.
1911: TheGlasgow Jewish Shopkeepers adopted a resolution today protesting “againstSunday clauses of Shop Hours Bill” copies of which forwarded to the HomeSecretary, the members of Parliament from Glasgow and the President of theBoard of Deputies for British Jews.
1911(21stof Tammuz, 5671): Eighty-four year old Jewish author Joshua Levenson passedaway to in Riga.
1912:Fifty-eight-year-old Henri Poincaré, the French mathematician, known for hisresearch into deterministic systems that lead to the development of chaostheory who risked his career when in1899, and again more successfully in 1904, he intervened in the trials ofAlfred Dreyfus” by attacking thespurious scientific claims of some of the evidence brought against Dreyfuspassed away today.
1913:Birthdate of American born architect Bertrand Goldberg who is best known forthe Marina City complex in Chicago, Illinois, the tallest residential concretebuildings in the world at the time of completion.
1913:”PleaFor Religious Unity” published today described a speech given by Rabbi StephenS. Wise of the Free Synagogue in New York at the opening session of theInternational Congress on Religious Progress in which he called for the nextmeeting of the congress in 1916 to be held in Jerusalem where Christian, Moslemand Jew would have the “opportunity to show that the most passionate devotionto a particular faith might combined with the most sympathetic and fraternalrelations with the people of other faiths.”
1913(12thof Tammuz, 5673): Sixty-five-year-old Abner Tannenbaum, the native of Schirwindwho pursued a career as “the manager of a wholesale drug business” whoemigrated to New York in 1887 “where he pursued a career as a writer whichincluded journalistic pursuits as well as writing a History of the Jews inAmerica published in 1905, passed away today.
1913(12thof Tammuz, 5673): Seventy-two-year-old Cecilia Steiner, the Hungarian borndaughter of Hannah Heller Steiner, the wife of Rabbi Mayer Samuel Weiss whomshe married in 1864 and the mother of seven children including the famous magicianHarry Houdini passed away today after which she at Machpelah Cemetery inRidgewood, NY,
1914:In Oden, Michigan, seventy-five Jewish vacationers attended Friday nightservices conducted by Rabbi I.E. Marcuson of Charleston South Carolina.
1914:“After valiant attempt rebelling against press censorship by the Russiangovernment, Yiddish journalists in Saint Petersburg were forced to shut downthe bi-weekly Undzer Tsayt (Our Times) again, not long after their originalpaper, Di Tsayt (The Time), was muzzled in June.”
1914: InSalonica a campaign against the Jews continued in the newspapers. The disputewas over Greeks and Jews who worked in a Jewish owned tannery. The disputebecame a violent political discussion all throughout Macedonia. It originatedover Jews wearing the Turkish Fez, which was a symbol of their fondness for theprevious Turkish administration.
1914: “TheStain,” a silent film featuring Theda Bara (Theodosia Goodman) as Gang Moll wasreleased today in the United States
1915: WilliamGreen, an inmate at Milledgeville State Penitentiary, tried to kill Leo Frankby slashing his throat with a butcher knife.
1916: “NuttyNews,” one of a series “a series of seven short, animated films which focus onhumorous aspects of everyday situations” created by Rube Goldberg, the SanFrancisco born son Jewish parents Hannah Cohn and Max Goldberg, was releasedtoday.
1916(16thof Tammuz, 5676): During WW I, Lt.Ernest Emanuel Polack of the 4th Gloucestershire was killed today.
1916: InBaltimore, MD, Abraham Benjamin Cohn and Hattie Rose Cohn gave birth to FloryneEleanor Cohn who became Floryne Eleanor Gorov when she married Jack Gorov.
1916: In “adesire to restore harmony among the Jews in the United States” who arecampaigning “to demand full political, civil and religious rights for Jews inall lands where those rights are not enjoyed by them” “a committee of fivemembers of the Conference of American National Jewish Organizations met withthe Executive Committee of the Jewish Congress Organization” tonight in NewYork’s Aeolian Hall.
1917: JohnHenry Patterson was made commander of the 38th Battalion of the RoyalFusiliers, one of three battalions of the Jewish Legion, recruited from Britishand foreign Jews. Patterson was promoted to full Colonel. In February of 1918,Patterson proudly led soldiers of the 38th Fusiliers Battalion, one of thecomponents of the Legion, in a parade in the Whitechapel Road, before they wereshipped off to Palestine. They met a tumultuous and joyous reception among theJews of London, as well as generating amazement among other bystanders, asrelated in this article about the parade of the Jewish Legion in London.[Unlike many British officers, not only was Patterson not anti-Semitic, he wasphilo-Semitic numbering many Jews among his friends throughout the rest of hislife and pushing for the creation of the Jewish Brigade during World War II.]
1917: InChicago, the alumni of the Cregler School are scheduled to hold a meeting inthe Social Hall of the Chicago Hebrew Institute.
1917: In Lima,Ohio Frances Ada (née Romshe) and Perry Marcus Driver gave birth to Phyllis AdaDriver who gained fame as comic Phyllis Diller.
1917: It wasreported today that “the Central Committee of the All-Russian Council ofWorkmen’s and Soldiers’ Deputies has sent fifteen representatives” throughoutRussia “to conduct a widespread campaign against the “pogrom propagandists” whoare spreading “anti-Semitic propaganda.”
1917: It wasreported today that “a few Jews were wounded in disorders” following “falsecharges that Jewish merchants in Kiev were concealing food supplies” that“nearly cause a pogrom.”
1917:Birthdate of all-star shortstop and Cleveland Indian manager, LouBoudreau. Boudreau’s mother wasJewish. But he was adopted by a RomanCatholic family who raised him in their faith.
1917: Today, ManchesterZionist Association member and editor of The Zionist Banner, Sir Leon Simon,the Southampton born son of Kitty Avner and Rabbi Isadore Simon wrote a draft ofthe Balfour Declaration “on paper of London’s Imperial Hotel” which read inpart “"H(is) M(ajesty's) G(overnment) accepts the principle thatP(alestine) should be reconstituted as the Nat(ional) Home of the J(ewish) P(eople).HMG will use its best efforts to secure the achievement of this object, andwill discuss the necessary methods and means with the Z(ionist) O(rganization)”
1917: InHartsdale, New York, advertising executive Harry Lasker and his wife Peggy gavebirth to Edward Morris Lasker, the nephew of Albert and Mary Lasker, who wouldbe raised by his stepfather, attorney Issac Levy, and who gained famed asMorris Edward Lasker a federal judge in New York and Massachusetts for fourdecades. (As reported by Robert D. McFadden
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/29/nyregion/29lasker.html?_r=0
1917: Attoday’s meeting of the Joint Distribution Committee, Chairman Felix M. Warburg“expressed the regret of the committee over the death of Samuel I. Hyman whohad been selected by the committee to visit Russia to supervise the relief workin that country.”
1917: Abram L.Elkus said today that “the reports received in” the United States “of wholesalemassacres and maltreatment of the Jews in Turkey and Palestine were entirelyunfounded” and that “their situation was as favorable as could be expected.”
1917: In SanAntonio, Texas, David and Riva Rapoport, Jewish immigrants who had fled Russiaafter participating in an anti-czarist uprising, gave birth to BernardRapoport, the Jewish businessman “who built an insurance empire and spent hislast decades giving his wealth away to universities, Democratic campaigns andcharitable causes in Israel and his adopted hometown of Waco…” (As reported byJ.B. Smith)
1918: By orderof Lenin, Czar Nicholas II and his family were executed at Yekaterinburgmarking the end of the Romanov dynasty and a turning point in the history ofRussia, Europe and the World.
1918: “Jews ToBroaden Work For Fighters” published today described a meeting of theReorganization Committee of the Local Board for Jewish Welfare Work” at NewYork’s Hotel Biltmore where it decided to create “a concrete plan” forcentralizing all efforts to aid Jewish soldiers that would include “theestablishment in New York City of a central hospitality house with numerousbranches in different parts of the where enlisted men from all over the countrymay stay while on furlough or while passing through the city” which will bemodeled after similar efforts by the Y.M.C.A. and the Knights of Columbus.
1919: Today,the first step was taken in forming what became the Inter University JewishFederation when a conference was where representatives of “Jewish societiesfrom Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds and Oxford” took place in Manchester,England.
1919: Duringthe war with the Russian Bolsheviks, Jewish leaders met with Symon Petlura andpledged their support for him and the creation of an independent country of*ckraine.
1920:Birthdate of physicist Gordon Gould who was among those who claimed credit forinventing the laser.
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9906E7DC1630F933A1575AC0A9639C8B63
1920:Birthdate of Rabbi Louis Jacobs, the first leader of Masorti Judaism (alsoknown as Conservative Judaism) in the United Kingdom.
https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/rabbi-louis-jacobs/
1920: LeonKamaiky, “one of the European Commissioners of the Hebrew Sheltering and ImmigrantAid Society” who has been studying the society’s programs in Europe and who ispreparing a report on changes that will need to be made is scheduled to sailfor America today aboard the SS Aquitania.
1921(11thof Tammuz, 5681): Sixty-two-year-old Joseph H. Polak Esquire who had served as“one of the justices for the county of London and was a member of the Chamberof Commerce passed away today in London.
1921:Twenty-seven-year-old NYU trained attorney and JTS ordained rabbi SamuelBenjamin, the Jerusalem born son of Mordecai and Sarah (Stampfer) Benjaminmarried Hannah Mirsky in Cleveland, OH where he was leading Congregation AnsheEmes in Cleveland.
1921:Birthdate of Alick Isaacs, the native of Glasgow, Scotland who earned “hisDoctor of Medicine degree from the University of Glasgow” and was one of “theco-discoverers of interferon.”
1921: InHungary, journalist and playwright Béla Szenes and his wife gave birth toHannah Szenes the poet who would be murdered while serving behind enemy lineswhile serving with the British lines. Her most famous work is probably Eli Eli(My God, My God”) the poem set to music by David Zahavi.
1922: “Afterbeing detained on Ellis Island Since Saturday morning Jerachmel Amdursky, ownerof two hotels in Jerusalem, who arrived on the Cunarder Mauretania to visit hisson Alexander, a student at Columbia University, was admitted today aftersatisfyng the immigration authorities that he had only come to the UnitedStates for the Summer.”
1923: InChomutov, Czech Republic, Irma (Kahn) Seligman and Emil Seligman both of whomwere killed during the Holocaust, gave birth to Chanoch (Hans) Seligman)
1924: As oftoday, Louis D. Brandies, an associate justice of the United States Supreme, isone of sixteen men being considered to run on the Progressive ticket whichSenator LaFollete is the presidentialcandidate.
1925: It wasreported that in Vienna The Hakenkreusler, the anti-Semitic organization, has helda mass meeting in protest against theZionist World Congress scheduled to take place here in August.
1926(6thof Av,5686): Parashat Devarim
1926:According to an official White Paper issued today in London, “the PalestineGovernment loan in the amount of $22,500,000 which is to be floated soon byGovernment will be guaranteed as to principal and interest by the BritishChancellor of the Exchequer.
1927: “Aslight earthquake shock was felt in Jerusalem at 10:04 this morning” and threepeople who were injured were taken to the hospital.
1928: Based onthe results of the monthly meeting of the Board of Jewish Deputies, it wasreported today that “American and British Jews are to cooperate in materspertaining to the protection of Jewish rights in Europe and elsewhere, whereverthese rights are endangered or ignored.”
1929: As oftoday, Louis Marshall, acting on behalf of Felix Warburg the chairman of anorganizing committee of seven non-Zionist, still has three more delegates toselect who will attend the 16th biennial Zionist Congress meeting onAugust 11, having already selectedforty-one other delegates including such well known figures as Dr. Cyrus Adlerand Herbert H. Lehman, the future governor of New York.
1930: InBucharest “at a conference held at the Ministry of the Interior today todiscuss measures to prevent a recurrence of the Antisemitic outbreaks of recentmonths, Dr. Alexander Vayda-Voevod, the Minister of the Interior, establishedthat the police and gendarmerie authorities had been guilty of neglect in nothaving suppressed the attacks with sufficient firmness.”
1931(3rdof Av, 5691): Israel L. Treiger, the husband of Ethel Treiger and father of Samand Baruch Treiger passed away today inSeattle after which he was buried in the Seattle Historic Sephardic Cemetery.
1931(3rdof Av, 5691): Fifty-one year old NYU trained attorney and “assistant to theattorney general of the United States Bernard Edelhertz, the Russian born “sonof Mordecai and Rebecca (Rubenstein) Edelhertz and husband of Clara Greenbergwith whom he had two children – Mildred and Helen – who visited post-war Polandto investigate the conditions of the Jews, served as the President of theEncyclopedia Judaica and publisher of the AmericanHebrew Magazine passed away today.
https://mppda.flinders.edu.au/people/888
1932: Today “thousands of World War I veterans convergedon Washington, D.C., set up tent camps, and demanded immediate payment ofbonuses due to them according to the World War Adjusted Compensation Act of1924” in what was the first of the so-called Business Plot, a politicalconspiracy in 1933 in the United States to overthrow the government ofPresident Franklin D. Roosevelt and install a dictator” which one of thering-leaders erroneously was supported by Felix Warburg.
1933(23rdof Tammuz, 5693): Sixty-one-year Dr. Isador Abrahamson, the son of Abraham andAmelia Stein Abrahamson, a graduate of Columbia’s School of Medicine andhusband of the former Stella Heidelberg who was one of New York City’s“foremost neurologists” and a “founder and director of the Jewish Mental HealthSociety” passed away today.
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/07/19/105401195.pdf
1934: As oftoday, “it still seems certain that while Julius Streicher and others like himretain their power in the Nazi organization no real amelioration of itsanti-Jewish tendencies can be expected.”
1935: Joseph"Yosky" Toblinsky, a member of the “Yiddish Black Hand,” a Jewishcriminal band active in the first decades of the 20th century wastaken into custody on charges of hijacking a truck filled with pharmaceuticaldrugs.
1936: The Palestine Post reported that therewas heavy firing on the Hatikva Quarter in Tel Aviv and the Bayit Vegan Quarterof Jerusalem. A bomb was found hidden in a shipment of Norwegian cheese. It wasbelieved that it was inserted while transported from Haifa to Jerusalem. JacobGerzon, victim of a sniper's bullet, succumbed to his wounds. He was the 32ndJewish victim of the Arab disturbances which began on April 19. Three newbattalions of British troops arrived in Haifa from Malta. The governmentordered the demolition of the old Jaffa slums and for the construction of two newroads for the benefit of that quarter and of the town as a whole.
1936: TheSpanish Civil War began as the armed forces, eventually to be led by FranciscoFranco rose up against the recently elected Popular Front Government. Franco’s rebellious army was a fascist forceand the received active help from both Mussolini and Hitler. Anti-fascistforces rallied to the support of the French Republicans. For reasons of their own, the French, Britishand U.S. governments provided no support to balance that being provided byGermany and Italy. While thousands ofvolunteers from these western countries took up the cause of the Republic, theSoviet Union was the only government to provide aide. And that aide helped to what had begun as abroad left-wing coalition into Communist dominated fighting force. The Left saw Spain as a place to stop themarch of fascism. The Fascists saw Spainas an easy victory and testing ground for the weapons that they would later employin World War II. One of the most famousvolunteer groups supporting the Spanish Republicans was the Lincoln Brigade, afighting force that had a disproportionately large Jewish Population. For a vivid, yet fictional picture of Jewishinvolvement in the Lincoln Brigade and left-wing causes in the 1930’s, read Davida’sHarp by Chaim Potok. The fascistvictory in Spain, including the failure of the Western allies to act,emboldened Hitler and Mussolini while frightening Stalin. All three felt the West would never standagainst the Germans and Italians. ForStalin, this meant signing a non-aggression with Hitler. For Hitler, this meant he had a green line todo as he pleased in Europe. For the Jewsit meant that the Final Solution was one step closer to reality. Numeroushistorians consider the Spanish Civil War that broke out in July 1936 a preludeto World War II. Spain, with a population of 28 million, became a bloodybattleground of conflicting forces, testing their arsenals in preparation forthe battle of the giants that was to emerge shortly. Jews did not sit on thesidelines in this crucial contest. Jewish participation, as a matter of fact,was stunningly extensive. In 1987, at a 50th anniversary commemoration of theSpanish Civil War, Chaim Herzog, then president of Israel, stated: "Therewere people who realized just what a fascist victory in Spain would mean.Courageous men from many nations volunteered to help the Republicans. Amongthem were democrats, socialists, communists... Typically there was a relativelyhigh number of Jews among the volunteers - the highest proportion of any othergroup... I salute them as comrades in arms in the war against the Nazis."Jewish participation in the Spanish Civil War offers a fascinating, relativelyunknown, chapter of Jewish resistance to Nazi and fascist tyranny. Up to 25percent of the fighters in the International Brigades were Jewish, whereas thetotal global Jewish population at the time did not exceed 4%. It is ironic thatJews even formed their own Jewish Brigade in Spain, which fought heroically incrucial battles 70 years ago for the freedom of the Spanish people that hadexpelled them from its midst. The Spanish Civil War attracted volunteers fromabout 55 countries who knew the dangers they were facing in that bloodyconflict. Nevertheless, they came in substantial numbers to join the ranks ofthe Popular Front. Figures of participants differ. Ernest Hemingway claimedthat "over 40,000 volunteers from 52 countries flocked to Spain between1936 and 1939 to take part in the historic struggle between democracy andfascism known as the Spanish Civil War." The lowest estimate speaks ofabout 32,000, but one estimate is as high as 59,380. The largest contingentscame from France (7,000), Poland (5,000), the US (3,000), Britain (between2,000 and 4,000) and Russia (in the thousands). Despite the conspicuouspresence of Jews in International Brigades, Jewish participation in thefighting has generally not been acknowledged. There could be various reasonsfor that. Firstly, Jews were usually registered under the name of the countrythey came from. Secondly, in some cases the Jews used aliases, concerned thattheir being Jewish might expose them to greater than usual dangers in a waragainst fascist elements. Lastly, Jewish community organizations that wouldeagerly underwrite research on Jews fighting against fascists and Nazis werehesitant to do so in the instance of the Spanish Civil War, since those joiningwould be counted as communists and fellow travelers. While it is true thattwo-thirds of the American Abraham Lincoln Brigade were communists, many Jewswere not. One volunteer wrote: "I am as good an anti-fascist as anycommunist. I have reason to be. I am a Jew and that is the reason I came toSpain. I know what it means to my people if Fascism should win." HymanKatz from New York did not tell his mother that he was determined to leave forSpain. When wounded, he decided to explain why he enlisted against her wishes.He wrote: "Don't you realize that we Jews will be the first to suffer iffascism comes?" Samuel Levinger from Columbus, Ohio, son of Rabbi Lee J.Levinger, was killed in battle at Brunette. Throughout the war, the fatherremained a loyal friend of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. In-depth research,especially in the last 10 years, has proven that the extent of Jewish presencein that crucial war was truly impressive. Though Jews were only 10% of thePolish population, 45% of the Polish volunteers - 2,250 out of 5,000 - wereJewish. Jews, 4% of the US population, formed 38% of its volunteers. In France,0.5% of the population and 15% of the volunteers were Jews. Britain, with aJewish population of 0.5%, had 11% to 22% Jewish volunteers. Palestine had aJewish contingent of 500, 498 Jews and two Arabs. For some reason, Jews fromPalestine were distributed among diverse national units. There were PalestinianJews in the Hungarian "Rakosi" Battalion, in the French "SixFevrier" Battalion and others. The most conspicuous Jewish presence in theSpanish Civil War emerged from a group called the "Naftali BotwinCompany." Naftali Botwin, a 24-year-old Jewish radical, was executed inPoland in 1925 for assassinating a Polish Secret Service agent. The specialJewish company was formed in the Palafox Battalion of the Polish DombrowskyBrigade in December 1937. The company issued a Yiddish newspaper. The orderswere written in Yiddish. It had a distinct Jewish banner, and the last stanzaof the company's hymn proudly proclaimed "...how Jewish Botwin soldiersdrove out the fascist plague!" The Botwin group was the only one in whichJews fought as a distinct group. Hence it became the major symbol of Jewishpresence in Spain. In general, the International Brigades were utilized by thePopular Front as shock troops in the most dangerous places that drew theheaviest casualties. The Botwin Company was no exception - 120 of its men werethrown into an assault at the battle of Estramadura, in the defense of Madrid;only 18 survived. The company's courage earned it the "Medalla deValor" from the Spanish government. Whatever motives brought volunteers ofthe International Brigades to Spain, with the Jews the ideological motive wasdominant. Many of them may have been socialists or communists, but they clearlyperceived that simultaneously they were fighting a sworn enemy of the Jewishpeople. The Jewish-Zionist angle was no less significant than thesocialist-communist. It is no coincidence that the first casualty of theInternational Brigades was Leon Baum from Paris, and the last casualty wasHaskel Honigstern, who was given a state funeral in Barcelona. The Spanish poetJose Herrera wrote of him: "Haskel Honigstern, Polish worker of the Jewishrace, son of an obscure land, killed in the light of my homeland." It isalso no coincidence that when Juan Negrin, head of the Republican government,announced in September 1938 the unilateral withdrawal of the InternationalBrigades from Spain for diplomatic reasons, the Botwin Company formed the rearguard of the troops as they withdraw across the border into France. Jewishparticipation in the Spanish Civil War put to a lie the assertion that Jews areby nature "timid and non-combative... that Jews did not resist the Nazimurderers because... submission is in their national character." When thefirst shots of World War II were fired, in the prologue of that ghastly war,Jews were not only present in overwhelming numbers, but they incontrovertiblyproved their heroism.
1936: “TheFinal Hours” a drama featuring Marc Lawrence as “Mike Magellon” was released inthe United States today.
1936: In arare degree of solidarity, a group of 40,000 demonstrators includingSocialists, Fascists, gentiles and Jews gathered in Warsaw to expressopposition to “granting the demands of the Danzig Nazis.”
1937(9thof Av, 5679) Parahsat Devraim; Shabbat Chazon; Erev Tish’a B’Av
1937: HymanRickover “reported aboard the minesweeper Finch at Tsingtao, China, and assumedwhat would be his only ship-command with additional duty as Commander, MineDivision Three, Asiatic Fleet.”
1937: Speaking“on the second day of the art festival inaugurating Munich as ‘the Capital ofGerman’ as decreed by Chancellor Hitler, Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels“blamed Jewish art critics for causing art to decline and degenerate” in thepost-war era – a trend he said was reversed by National Socialism “which aroseto banish these false molders of artistic taste.”
1938(18th ofTammuz, 5698): Tzom Tammuz
1938(18th ofTammuz, 5698): Three more Jews were killed today – two of them were watchmen atan orange grove and one was a workman from Tel Aviv. At the same time, “the Jewish owner of watchfactory in Acre was seriously wounded” by Arab attackers.
1938: Crediblereports are circulating in Palestine that some of the attacks on Arabs are“merely part of Nazi intrigue to gain Arab sympathy and impair British prestigein the Near East.”
1939(1st ofAv, 5699): Rosh Chodesh Av
1939(1stof Av, 5699): Seventy-four-year-old Julius Schnitzler, the Viennese surgeon whowas the laryngologist Johann Schnitzler passed away today.
1939: Birthdateof Nesher native and Harvard graduate Shabtai Shavit the member of the IsraeliNavy who “went on to serve in the Sayeret Matkal” before joining the Mossad “wherehe worked his way up to director general.”
1940: Becauseof a disagreement between Abraham Stern, head of the Irgun’s informationdepartment and David Raziel “the Irgun and LEHI split today.
1940(10thof Tammuz, 5700): Hauptscharführer Blank murdered Werner Scholem atBuchenwald. A Jew and a Communist, hewas arrested in 1933 by the Nazis who shipped him to Buchenwald when it wasopened in 1938. He was held there untilhe was shot by the Nazi officer. He wasthe brother of Gerhard Scholem who gained fame as Gershom Scholem firstProfessor of Jewish Mysticism at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
1940: TheVichy French government issued orders prohibiting employment of aliens (Jews)not born in France. This is one more example of how eager those at Vichy wereto serve their new Nazi comrades.
1941(22nd of Tammuz, 5701):Twelve hundred Jews are murdered atSlonim, Belorussia
1941: “TheGerman occupational authority, the Reichskommissariat Ostland, was created”today.
1941Alfred Rosenbergis appointed Reich minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories to administerlands seized from the Soviet Union.
1941(22nd of Tammuz, 5701):This marks the first day of the afourteen day slaughter of the Jews at Kishinev in the Soviet Union; Duringthose 14 days over 10,000 Jews would be slaughtered by the Nazis and theirlocal collaborators.
1942(3rdof Av, 5702): Seventy-three-year-old Regine Bernfeld was deported today fromWien to Auschwitz.
1942: The2,000 Jews from Holland reached Auschwitz. All but 449 were given theirnumbered tattoos and then the 449 were gassed.
1942:Parisians remained silent during the second of “La Grande Rafle” or the BigSweep, during which on order from Pierre Laval, the Prime Minister of the VichyFrench government, between 13,000 and 20,000 Jews living in Paris were roundedup by the French police for deportation.
1942: ANazi delegation headed by SS chief Heinrich Himmler tours the death camp atAuschwitz, where Himmler observes a mass gassing of inmates.
1943:Birthdate of Shlomo Ben-Ami, the native of Tangiers who made Aliyah in 1955 andearned a doctorate from Oxford. Afterserving as head of the School of History at Tel Aviv University, he served asIsrael’s Ambassador to Spain before pursuing a career in politics.
1943(14thof Tammuz, 5703): Parashat Balak
1943(14thof Tammuz, 5703): Yitzhak Wittenberg, a partisan leader who had surrendered tothe Gestapo to prevent the razing of the Vilna (Lithuania) Ghetto yesterday wasmurdered today.
1943:Birthdate of Athalya Brenner the native of Haifa who is “Professor Emerita ofHebrew Bible/Old Testament at the University of Amsterdam and Professor inBiblical Studies at Tel Aviv University
http://humanities.tau.ac.il/segel/abrenner/
1943: SidCaesar and Florence Levy were married today.
1943: “FalconIn Danger” one of a series of “Falcon mysteries” featuring Felix Basch as“Morley” was released in the United States today.
1944:“Documents and pictures purporting to show connections between theGerman-American Bund and the Ku Klux Klan and to prove that at least onedefendant raised the hint that President Roosevelt is of Jewish ancestry weresubmitted to the jury in the mass sedition trial today.”
1944(26thof Tammuz, 5704): Forty-six-year-old child prodigy William James Sidis passedaway today.
http://www.sidis.net/Sperling.htm
1945: For thefirst time bombers from the US 7th Air Force which had beenattacking Japanese forces in Shanghai since 1944, struck the Hongkou Quarterwhich was the de facto Jewish Ghetto in the city.
1945: Today“Leo Szilard and 69 co-signers at the Manhattan Project "MetallurgicalLaboratory" in Chicago petitioned the President of the United States”asking “that the United States not resort to the use of atomic bombs in thiswar unless the terms which will be imposed upon Japan have been made public indetail and Japan knowing these terms has refused to surrender; second, that insuch an event the question whether or not to use atomic bombs be decided by youin light of the considerations presented in this petition as well as all theother moral responsibilities which are involved.”
1945: ThePotsdam Conference opens in Potsdam, Germany. The leaders of the Big Three,Harry Truman, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin with the aim of settlingoutstanding issues related to the end of World War II in Europe including thefate of conquered German and liberated Poland.It was the first meeting between the U.S. President and the Sovietleader. It was the last meeting withChurchill who would be replaced during the conference the new Laborite PrimeMinister Clement Atlee. For public consumption, it appeared that the war timeAllies were committed to punishing Germany for its Nazi atrocities. The relations between Truman and Stalinsoured from this time forward into what became the Cold War. An argument can be made that Truman’sdecision to recognize Israel was a product of this Cold War environment.
1946: Today,Gen. Draja Mihailovic, 50, and 8 other Chetniks, which began a Yugoslavresistance movement that included a “Jewish Patriotic Brigade” and then turnedon their Jewish comrades when they began collaborating, were executed by firingsquad in Belgrade.
1947: ViktorAbakumov, the head of state security, wrote a letter to Foreign Minister Moltovtoday “which researchers believecontains the details of Raoul Wallenberg’s death.”
1947:Mordechai (Motke) Eldar and his sister arrived at Haifa today but were forcedto return to Hamburg by the British. Ayear later he returned aboard the Kedmah and began a thirty-year career withthe IDF where he reached the rank of Colonel before retiring.
1947:Supposedly Raoul Wallenberg died in a Soviet prison on this date. An air ofmystery still surrounds the death of one of the few people who came to the aidof the Jews during the Holocaust. Since nothing was done to establish the fateof Ambassador Wallenberg after he was last seen going to the headquarters ofthe Red Army in Budapest, nobody really knows if he was shot in Moscow, died inprison, or lived out a long anguished life in the Gulag.
1948(11thof Tammuz, 5708): A week before his 75th birthday, Dr. Isador E.Philo, a native of Cardiff, Wales, the retired rabbi of Rodef Sholom temple,Youngstown, Ohio, and a former resident of Altoona, PA, who also served theTemple Beth Israel congregation during several of the World war II years, passedaway today at his home in Youngstown.
1948:Re-release today of “Dick Tracy Returns”a film based on the comic strip cop featuring Ned Glass as “Kid Stark”
1948: Atwo-pronged attack by Israeli forces designed to drive Arab Legion forces fromthe eastern section of Jerusalem failed.The Old City would remain under Jordanian occupation until 1967. During this time, Jews were barred from theOld City and no Arabs demanded that the Old City be made the capital of aPalestinian state.
1948: On thesecond day of Operation Death to the Invader, an Israeli military operationdesigned to connect settlements in the Negev with the rest of Israel, a seriesof Israeli assaults failed in their attempt to take their objectives.
1948: DuringOperation Dekel, Israeli forces took the villages of Hittin and Nimrin.
1949: “In amessage prepared for today’s Army Day observance” Brig. Gen. Jacob Dori, theChief of State of the Israeli called on his defense forces to increase theirstrength as a means of insuring peace for Israel.”
1949: “Immediatelyafter the War of Independence, the Hero of Israel decoration, or the Medal ofValor as it is now known, was awarded for the first time for extraordinarybravery and excellence during the fight for Israel's independence to YairRacheli.”
1950(3rdof Av, 5710): Sixty-four-year-old “noted philanthropist and former president ofthe Zionist Organization of America” Edmund Isadore Kaufmann, the Detroit born“son of Aron Kaufmann and Jeanette Kaufmann, the husband of Lillian V Kaufmann,the father of Joel Swope Kaufmann; Robert D. Kaufmann and Aron Paul Kaufmannand “close personal friend of Dr. Stephen S. Wise and Justice Louis D. Brandeiswho oversaw the transfer of the headquarters of the ZOA passed away today
https://www.jta.org/archive/edmund-i-kaufmann-former-president-of-z-o-a-dies-in-washington-aged-64
1950: ValerianTrifa, the Romanian Cleric who hid his role in the fascist, anti-Semitic IronGuard, took advantage of the Displace Persons Immigration Law to move to theUnited States today. His lies and his role in the Holocaust would eventually beexposed by Israeli author Zev Goland
1950: “JuliusRosenberg was arrested while shaving” today.
1951: The Jerusalem Post reported that theMinistry of Finance denied charges that the Custodian of Enemy Property hadtransferred valuable land in Tel Aviv to high government officials and Mapaiand Histadrut leaders, at prices far below the prevailing market valuations. Ministerof Finance Eliezer Kaplan vigorously denied such charges and intended to takelegal actions against the editor of Haboker, the General Zionist daily, and themayor of Tel Aviv, Israel Rokach, for having spread such allegations. TheKnesset Finance Committee asked the State Comptroller to investigate the wholeaffair.
1952: It wasreported today that “West Germany had offered world Jewish organizations 450,000,000marks (about $107,000,000) for the relief and rehabilitation of Jews persecutedby the Nazi regime, and stated that a further 50,000,000 marks would be madeavailable for aid to non-professing Jews who had been oppressed.
1952: At noontoday, “Mrs. Abba Eban, wife of the Israeliambassador to the United States cut a blue and white ribbon, Israel’s colors,to officially open the exposition” of Israeli made products being held inRockefeller Center.
1953: :AJewish watchman was shot to death today in Beit Vegan, a western suburb ofJerusalem, near the border with Jordan.”
1954(16thof Tammuz, 5714): Parashat Pinchas
1954(16thof Tammuz, 5714: Ninety-seven-year-old Rutgers College graduate Levi Hershfield the Utica, NY born son ofGoldchen Levy and Samuel Hershfield and “grandson of of Rabbi Yehuda Lieb of Posen, author ofseveral books on the Talmud including Crown of Glory and Diadem of Glory” whomarried Florence Friedenwald-Selz after the death of his first wife OpheliaKrotosky and who established the L. Hershfield and Brothers, manufacturer ofclothing with is brother Reuben while serving as an active member of theY.M.H.A., the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies, the Jewish Publication Societyand the Jewish Historical Society passed away today.
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1954/07/18/83342790.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
1954: InBaltimore, MD, Freda Sacki Sussman, a pre-war refugee from Nazi Germany andCharles Sussman, a decorated WW II soldier and an educator in the BaltimoreCounty Public Schools gave birth to Lance Jonathan Sussman “an historian ofAmerican Jewish History, college professor, Chair of the Board of Governors ofGratz College, Melrose Park, PA and the senior rabbi at Reform CongregationKeneseth Israel” and husband of Elizabeth “Liz” Sussman with whom he raisedfive children.
1955: “Aheadquarters staff officer acknowledged today that investigations into thebombing of newspaper offices and elections” that started on May 28 with alighted fused attached was discovered at the doors of the offices of the Hebrewnews weekly Haolam Haza in Tel Aviv” and has lasted for the past two months “hasled them up a blind alley.”
1956(9th ofAv, 5716): Tish'a B'Av
1956: “HighSociety” produced by Sol C. Siegel was released today in the United States.
1957( 18thof Tammuz, 5717): Sixty-one-year-old Dr. Leonard Gray, the chief of theprosthetics department of Beth Israel Hospital in Newark, NJ, the husband ofMiriam Wagner Gray and the father of Norman and Warren Gray passed awaytonight.
1957 “Hatfulof Rain” directed by Fred Zinnemann with music by Bernard Herrmann was releasedtoday in the United States.
1958: “TheIsraeli Government granted permission today for flights over Israel by planescarrying British troops to Jordan.”
1959(11th ofTammuz, 5719): Eugene Meyer publisherand owner of the Washington Postpassed away. Meyer is the father ofKatherine Graham. While Graham hasearned a reputation for making the Washington Post into one of thenation’s leading papers, the process was actually begun by her father who tookover the bankrupt paper and proceeded to vanquish several stout competitorsincluding the now defunct Times Heraldand Evening Star.
1959:“American jazz singer and songwriter” Billie Holiday, a lady with a mostunmistakable voice in style who stepped out of her comfort zone when she recorded“My Yiddish Mamme” passed away today.
http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/190122/billie-holidays-cover-of-my-yiddishe-mamme
1959: “TheMouse that Roard,” a nuclear war era comedy with a script co-authored byStanley Mann and co-starring Peter Sellers, a distant relative on his mother’sside of “pugilist Daniel Mendoza” was released today in the United Kingdom.
1960: BinyaminMintz, a member of Agudat Israel Workers, was appointed Minister of PostalServices by David Ben-Gurion today, serving until his death the following May.
1962: “Thecompany that would become CACI International was founded by Herb Karr and HarryMarkowitz, the Chicago born son of Morris and Mildred Markowitz, today as California Analysis Center, Inc.”
1964: Dr. andMrs. Leonard Shapiro announced theengagement of their daughter Penn alum June Pamela Shapiro to Wharton School ofFinance graduate to Arthur Howard Blumenthal.
1965(17thof Tammuz, 5625): Parashat Balak; no fast because of Shabbat
1965: It wasreported today that the order to Senator Jeremiah Bloom from the State SenateMajority leader Joseph Zaretski directing the Joint Legislative Committee onBanks “to put our state banks in shape” appeared to be Zaretski reaction to theChase Manhattan Bank’s decision to relinquish it 166-year-old state charter andseek a federal charter.
1966: Funeralservices are scheduled to be held today for eighty-four-year-old Columbiatrained attorney Samuel Blumberg, “who represented trade associations andmanufacturers and who “had been Chairman of Congregation B’nai” while beingmarried to the former Jeannette Kahn, of blessed memory, the former Ruth AltonGeiger of blessed memory and the former Josephine Harris Kutscher
1966: After129 performances, the curtain came down on the original Broadway production of“It's a Bird... It's a Plane... It's Superman,” a musical composed by CharlesStrouse “based on the comic book character Superman created by Jerry Siegel andJoe Shuster and published by DC Comics.”
1968: “ForLove of Ivy” comedy directed by Daniel Mann and produced by Edgar J. Scherickand Jay Weston was released by Cinerama Releasing Corporation in the UnitedStates today.
1968: “EveryBastard a King” (Kol Mamzer Melech) a drama directed by Uri Zohar, produced byChaim Topol, and starring Yehoram Gaon was released today in Israel.
1968:Directors of Avnet, Inc. “elevated Morton D. Weiner to president and chiefoperating officer” succeeding Lester F. Avnet “who continues as chairman andchief executive officer.
1968:Birthdate of actress Elizabeth Natalie “Bitty” Schram whose acting multi-mediaacting skills included two years in the original Broadway production of“Laughter on the 23rd Floor” two years as “Sharona Flemng” in theoff-beat television crime show “Monk” and a supporting role in thebaseball/feminist film “A League of their Own.”
1968: Today“the City of Los Angeles design the Second Church of Christ” which had beendesigned Los Angeles architect Alfred Faist Rosenheim,” the St. Louis born ofJewish immigrants from Germany as “Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument.”
1969:Israeli trucks drive through the Sinai heading for the east bank of the Gulf ofSuez. They are carrying the equipment for the commandos who will beattacking the Green Island, the Egyptian for in the middle of the Gulf of Suez.
1970: AtTemple Beth El in Michigan, funeral services are scheduled to be held for 84year-old Meyer L. Prentis, the Kovno born son of Samuel and Hannah Prentisand the husband Anna Prentis with whomhe had four daughters who served as treasurer for General Motors for 32 yearsand who was a former head of the Jewish Welfare Federation.
1971(24thof Tammuz, 5731): Parashat Pinchas
1971(24thof Tammuz, 5731: Sixty-six-year-old St. Louis, MO, native and Columbia LawSchool trained Attorney Phillip W. Haberman, Jr. the WW II veteran of the 8thAir Force who was active in New York State Republican politics and the husbandof Helen Haberman with whom he raised two children – Charles and Norma – passedaway today.
1972: AvnerShaki left the cabinet today where he had been serving as Deputy Minister ofEducation and Culture.
1974: HillelButman, who was “convicted in the 2nd Leningrad Trial in May of 1971 and who isserving a 10 year sentence in a Perm labor camp, got 5 months solitaryconfinement for going on hunger strike on eve of President Nixon’s visit.”
1974: Fivechildren of Soviet Jewish activists ended a 3 week campaign for the release oftheir parents.
1975(9thof Av, 5735): Tish’a B’Av
1975:Birthdate of Israeli actor and comedian Eli Finish.
1975(9thof Av, 5735): Eighty-eight-year-oldMorris Unterberger, the Philadelphia born son of Yetta Moskowitz and AlterUnterberger, the husband of Carrie Unterberger with who whom he had threechildren – Sarella, Judith and Jerome – passed away today in Miami, FL.
1976: InMontreal, opening of the Olympics where Natalia Kushnir led the SovietVolleyball Team to a Silver Medal.
1979: Today,“In her July 17, 1979, speech accepting the presidency of the EuropeanParliament, Simone Veil said: “Whatever our political beliefs, we are all awarethat this historic step, the election of the European Parliament by universalsuffrage, has been taken at a crucial time for the people of the Community.”
1979:Birthdate of Nathan B. “Nate” Bruckenthal, the Petty Officer 3rdClass who became the first Coast Guardsman to be killed in action since theViet Nam war when he was killed by suicide bombers during a waterborne assaulton the Khawr Al Amaya oil terminal
1981: Inresponse to a major rocket attack on northern Israel by the PLO from southernLebanon, the AIF launched a massive attack on PLO headquarters in downtownBeirut. Civilian casualties wereinevitable given the Palestinian military for hiding among non-combatants. The AIF also attacked PLO positions insouthern Lebanon from where the rocket attacks were launched.
1981: Twogirls were wounded in Katyusha bombardments on the Galilee.
1982: A sixmonth North American tour of the Stephen Sondheim musical “Sweeny Todd” thatbegan in Wilmington came to an end in Toronto, Canada.
1984(17thof Tammuz, 5744): Tzom Tammuz
1984(17thof Tammuz, 5744): Ninety-four-year-old Edgar Magnin, the grandson of thefounders of I. Magnin Department Store and the long serving rabbi of theWilshire Boulevard Temple who was married to Evelyn Magnin with whom he had ason and a daughter passed away today.
http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/roho/ucb/text/magnin_edgar.pdf
1984(17thof Tammuz, 5744): Ninety-two-year-old Ben Zion Hyman, the Belarus born son ofEsther Bella and Menachem Mendl Hyman, the “husbandof Fanny Feigeh Mindl Konstantynowski” and University of Toronto trainedelectrical engineer who founded “Hyman’s Book and Art Shoppe” and the TorontoJewish Public Library passed away today in Toronto, Canada.
1984: Finalbroadcast of “Second City Television” (SCTV) the comedy sketch series thathelped to launch the career of Rick Mornais.
1988: Today atthe Swan Club, Rabbi D. Posner officiated at the wedding of Linda JaneWeinstein, a national editor at The Associated Press in New York, and MichaelCarl Barnas, a lawyer for the General Electric Company in Schenectady, N.Y.
1989: Today,Aaron Lasky, “an Amherst man who had spent more than a decade scrounging indumpsters, basem*nts, and attics was awarded a MacArthur Foundation"genius grant.”
https://www.massmoments.org/moment-details/yiddish-book-rescuer-wins-genius-grant.html
1991: TheBrown Building, the top three floors of which were at one time occupied by theTriangle Shirtwaist Factory, which was the site of the Triangle ShirtwaistFactory fire that killed 146 garment workers on March 25, 1911 was placed onthe U.S. National Register of Historic Places today.
1991: “ManTrouble” a comedy directed by Bob Rafelson, co-starring Ellen Barkin andfeaturing Saul Rubinek and Paul Mazursky was released by 20thCentury Fox in the United States today.
1992: U.S.premiere of “Stranger Among Us” directed by Sidney Lumet and co-produced byHoward Rosenman.
1992: U.S.premiere of “Honey, I Blew Up the Kid” starring Rick Moranis.
1993(28thof Tammuz, 5753): Parashat Matot-Maesei – completion of the Book of Numbers orBamidbard
1993(28thof Tammuz, 5753): Seventy-eight-year-old British journalist and publisherHarold Harris, the WW II Captain who tracked and arrested Joachim vonRibbentrop and was the editor for Arthur Kosetler passed away today.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-harold-harris-1460659.html
1994(9thof Av, 5754): Tish’a B’Av
1994: PitcherAndrew Lorraine made his major league debut with the California Angels.
1996: Eighty-one-year-oldFrench collaborator Paul Claude Marie Touvier and enthusiastic member of the“Milice” who was convicted of “crimes against humanity” after having beengranted a pardon thanks to the efforts of Catholic Church leaders died today.
http://articles.latimes.com/1994-04-20/news/mn-48236_1_war-crimes
1996: “Walkingand Talking” co-starring Live Schreiber was released today in the UnitedStates.
1997: “Go Milka Fruit a Fruit Bat!” published today provided a review of Jared Diamond’s WhyIs Sex Fun? The Evolution of Human Sexuality
http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1997/jul/17/go-milk-a-fruit-bat/
2000: “Tens ofthousands of Jewish settlers demonstrated here tonight against the Israeligovernment's peace negotiations, capping days of rightist protests againstleaked proposals to cede small Israeli settlements deep in the West Bank andGaza to eventual Palestinian control.”
2001(26thof Tammuz, 5761): Eighty-four-year-old publisher Katharine Meyer Graham who ledthe Washington Post during the“Watergate Days” passed away today.
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/july01/2001-07-17-graham-dead.htm
2001(26th ofTammuz, 5761): Yehiel De-Nur, a Polish born Israeli author whose writings oftenemployed themes based on his time at Auschwitz, passed away.
2001: As the16th Maccabiah games entered their second day, the PalestinianAuthority condemned yesterday’s suicide attack near a train station in thenorthern Israeli town of Binyamina today, which killed two soldiers, criticallywounded a third, and injured several other people while “the Islamic War”claimed credit for the attack and threatened Israel with more of the same. (Asreported by Joel Greenberg)
2002: “An 11-month-oldbaby, her father and grandmother were among the seven people killed when Palestinians in Israeli Army uniforms set offa roadside bomb near a bus approaching a Jewish settlement, then hurledgrenades and raked the vehicle with gunfire” wounding an additional 17 people.
2003(17th ofTammuz, 5763): Tzom Tammuz
2003: NewYork Review of Books features a review Stalin's Last Crime: The Plot Against the Jewish Doctors, 1948–1953 y Jonathan Brent and Vladimir P.Naumov
2004(28th of Tammuz, 5764): ParashatMatot-Masei.
2005: Haaretz reported that TheFederal Bureau of Investigation is probing whether two United States citizensarrested recently planned to carry out an attack on the Israeli consulate inLos Angeles and a synagogue in the area. The two suspects who hadrecently converted to Islam had been arrested for taking part in at least tenrobberies. Evidence of their involvement in a possible attack againstJewish institutions came to light after their arrest.
2006:In accordance with instructions of the Home Front Command, the CarmielFestival, scheduled to begin on July 18, 2006 will be postponed until Octoberbecause of the Hezbollah attacks on northern Israel.
2007: Anexhibition of manuscripts of scientist Sir Isaac Newton – never before revealedto the public which opened on June 18, 2007, at the Jewish National andUniversity Library at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, at an exhibitionopening comes to an end today.
http://jnul.huji.ac.il/dl/mss/newton
2008:In Kensington, Maryland, Robert Wexler,a six-term U.S. congressman from Florida, discusses and signs Fire-Breathing Liberal: How I Learned toSurvive (and Thrive) in the Contact Sport of Congress (written withDavid Fisher) at Borders Books
2008: The military funerals for Eldad Regev and Ehud Goldwasserthe two Israeli soldiers abducted in 2006 by Hezbollah, whose bodies werereturned yesterday as part of a prisoner swap take place today in theirrespective hometowns. Ehud Goldwasser is laid to rest at 10 A.M. in themilitary cemetery in Nahariya and Eldad Regev is buried at 2 P.M. in Haifa
2008: Robert Magnus, who served as the 30th Assistant Commandantof the Marine Corps from September 8, 2005 to July 2, 2008 retired today aftermore than 39 years of service.
2009:At the18th Maccabiah Games round five in the Chess Competition.
2009: TheJerusalem Film Festival features a screening “Bar Mitzvah” in which BorisThomashefsky plays Israel, a widower whose wife Leah was lost at sea ten yearsearlier en route to America. Israel, his new wife Rosalie, his daughter Birdie,and son Yudele return to Poland for Yudele’s Bar Mitzvah..
2009(25th ofTammuz, 5769): General Meir Amit passed away at the age of 88. A soldier duringthe War for Independence, Amit was commander of the famed Golani Brigade, agraduate of Columbia and a major general in the IDF. His greatest claim to fame was his service ashead of Mossad during which he managed the activities of Eli Cohen and providedthe intelligence estimates that were helpful during the Six Day War. When word of the deathof this popular general reached Israeli President Shimon Peres he said,“Generations of Israelis, entire generations of children, owe Meir Amit a debtof gratitude for his immense contribution - a large part which remains secret -in building the strength and deterrence of Israel...He was a natural leader,whom people trusted, and at the same time he was a visionary for thestate.” Amit’s autobiography, A Lifein Israel's Intelligence Service: An Autobiography, was published a monthafter he died.
2010: Israeliartist Shahar Marcus is scheduled to be the Homecoming Artist as part of TheArt Omi International Artists Residency.
2010: SeniorFatah member Mohammed Dahlan announced today that the Palestinian Authoritywill not hold direct negotiations with Israel at this time. The announcementfollowed a meeting between PA leaders and United States envoy George Mitchell.
2010: NirBergman’s Intimate Grammar won the Haggiag Award for Best Full-Length FeatureFilm at the 27th Jerusalem Film Festival, which ended tonight.
2011: Thefirst annual NYC Schlep is scheduled to begin today at 9 a.m. in BatteryPark. Organized by the American Friendsof Rabin Medical Center, the 5K run/walk seeks to raise funds for breast cancerresearch in Israel and the United States..
2011: TheNew York Times includes a review of Lipman Pike: America’s First Home Run King by RichardMichelson and illustrated by Zachary Pullen, “a short biography of Lip Pike,credited with being the first paid professional as well as the first Jewishball player (a combination that did not always please fans).”
2011: The IDF denied reports that their planeshad struck at Gaza today despite the fact that falling three Qassam rockets hadbeen fired into southern Israel during the night.
2011(15th of Tammuz, 5771):Ninety-four-year-oldAlex Steinweiss passed away. You may not know his name, but if you have everbought an LP or long-playing record you know his work since he was the designerof the modern LP album cover. (As reported by Steven Heller)
2012:“The Flat” is scheduled to be shown as part of the Mizel Summer FilmSeries in Denver, Colorado.
2012: The national unity government formed inIsrael two months ago unraveled on today, when the head of the centrist KadimaParty, Shaul Mofaz, announced that he was withdrawing because of intractabledifferences with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his Likud Party over aproposed universal national service law.
2012: The remains of a 2,300-year-old navalpier have been uncovered in Acre, adding to the coastal city’s long and variedhistory by showing it was a substantial port in the Hellenistic period. Theremains, unveiled at the site by the Israel Antiquities Authority today, wereuncovered by marine archaeologists this month during restoration work on Acre’ssouthern seawall.
2013: LaylaLavan, “an epic night of Israeli food, drinks and music” is scheduled totake place at Hudson Station in Manhattan.
2013: In Cedar Rapids, the Hadassah Book Clubis scheduled to discuss The Girl in the Green Sweater by ChrystynaChiger.
2013: State Comptroller Joseph Shapira blastedthe absence of criminal investigations into illegal settler building and theloss of millions of shekels in uncollected property fees in the West Bank, in asection of the 63rd annual report he submitted to Knesset Speaker YuliEdelstein this morning. (As reported by Tovah Lazaroff
2013: Bulgaria's interior minister said todaythat his country has received additional evidence implicating Hezbollah in the2012 bus bombing in Burgas that killed five Israeli tourists and theirBulgarian bus driver, Sofia News Agency reported.
2014: The Illinois Holocaust Museum andEducation Center and AJC Chicago’s Latin American Task Force are scheduled tohost “a special program recognizing the 20th Anniversary of the attack on theAMIA Jewish Community Center in Buenos Aires that killed 85 and injuredhundreds.”
2014: The Historic 6th & ISynagogue is scheduled to host “Jewish Daughter Diaries – Book Club”facilitated by author Rachel Ament.
2014: U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry isscheduled to deliver the Jewish Primary Day School of the Nation’s CapitalYitzhak Rabin Memorial Lecture.
2015(1st of Av, 5775): Rosh ChodeshAv
2015: Two months after premiering at the CannesFilm Festival, “Irrational Man,” film written and directed by Woody Allen,co-produced by sister Letty Aronson and featuring Ben Rosenfield was releasedtoday in the United States today.
2015: In “Abraham Foxman to Retire After 28Years of Fighting Anti-Semitism” published today, Joseph Bergman provides aportrait of the retiring head of the Anti-Defamation League.
2015: “Egyptian show that’s flattering to Jewsis a surprise hit among Palestinians” published today described the impact ofHaret al-Yahud,” or “The Jewish Quarter,” “the steamy Egyptian soap that tellsa Romeo and Juliet tale of a beautiful daughter of a well-to-do Jewish merchantand a dashing Muslim army commander falling in and out and in love again in oldCairo during the earth-shaking 1948 Arab-Israeli war and its aftermath.”
2015: “When Marnie Was There” and “UnderElectric Clouds” are scheduled to be shown at the Jerusalem Film Festival.
2015: Rachel Cohen a member of Women of theWall was arrested while holding her Torah, interrogated and later releasedtoday. (Historically, what have we called it when police arrest Jews trying topray?)
http://www.timesofisrael.com/women-of-the-wall-member-arrested-at-western-wall-with-torah/
2015: The Yiddish Art Trio - clarinetistMichael Winograd, double-bassist and singer Benjy Fox-Rosen, and accordionistPatrick Farrell – a rising new star in the firmament of Klezmer music isscheduled to perform before at the Yiddish Book Center in Amherst, MA.
2015: In Atlanta, Timothy Frilingos, the BremanMuseum’s Director of Exhibitions is scheduled to lead a special tour of themuseum’s latest Southern Jewish History Exhibition Eighteen Artifacts: A Storyof Jewish Atlanta.
http://thebreman.org/Exhibitions/Now-on-View/Eighteen-Artifacts-A-Story-of-Jewish-Atlanta
2016: “A War” and “The Death of Louis XIV” arescheduled to be shown on the final night of the Jerusalem Film Festival.
2016(11th of Tammuz, 5776): “Sgt.Shlomo Rindenow, 20, and Staff Sgt. Hussam Tafesh, 24, of the 601st CombatEngineering Battalion were killed when a grenade Tafesh had been “playing with”detonated at an army post on the Golan Heights, according to a military official.”where three others were also wounded.
2016: In Israel today, “the cabinet approved aproposal to all the treasury, for the first time, to advance a two-year budget”which Zionist Union MK Eitan Cabel, who called “economic terror attack”
2016: In Coralville, Iowa, as a testament tothe ongoing vitality of small town Judaism, the Sisterhood at Agudas Achim isscheduled to host the Annual Mitzvah Fund Brunch.
2016: The Illinois Holocaust Museum andEducation Center is scheduled to host “Role Camera…Music,” a performance by Dr.Marvin Berman of the sounds we think of when we see such classics as “Sophie’sChoice” and Schindler’s List.”
2016: The New York Times features reviews ofbooks by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers includingCollected Poems: 1950-2012 by Adrienne Rich, the editor of Bridges: A Journal for Jewish Feminists and Our Friends, The WayTo The Spring: Life and Death in Palestine in Ben Ehrenreich, Critics,Monsters, Fanatics and Other Literary Essays by Cynthia Ozick, A None’sStory: Searching for Meaning Inside Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism and Islamby Corinna Nicolaou and Putting God Second: How to Save Religion byDonniel Hartman.
2016: “With Passion” an exhibition curated byNaomi Lev is scheduled to close at the SLAG Gallery.
http://www.slaggallery.com/exhibitions/82
2016: The final performance of “Another WayHome” presented by Theatre J is scheduled to take place today in Washington,DC.
2017: A ceremony is scheduled to take placethis evening at Latrun celebrating the accomplishments of all the athletes atthe Maccabiah.
2017: JW3 is scheduled to host a screening of“Norman: The Moderate Rise and Tragic Fall of a New York Fixer” in London.
2017: “Becoming Cary Grant” and “The Cakemaker”are scheduled to be shown at the Jerusalem Film Festival.
2018: JW3 is scheduled to host two screening of“Keep the Change” in London.
2018: The Dana Ruttenberg Dance Group isscheduled to perform for the last time at the North Carolina Museum of Art inRaleigh, NC.
2018: While Hamas claims to want a “ceasefire”according Elior Levy sending “incendiary kits and balloons into Israelicommunities” would seem to show that the terrorists are performing a differentagenda.
2019: As mid-summer heat begins to grip theUnited States, The Addison-Penzack JCC in Los Gatos, CA is scheduled to host a“Float Night Pool Party and BBQ.”
2019: In San Francisco, AL’s Deli, which willoffer chef Aaron London’s spins on Israeli street food and Jewish deli” isscheduled to open today.
2019: As Americans celebrate the 50thanniversary of the accomplishment of Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and BuzzAldren, in San Francisco, the Commonwealth Club is scheduled to host “notedastronomer Andrew Frankoi” as he “discusses the 50th anniversary ofthe first moon landing.”
2019: The Workmen’s Circle is scheduled to hostthe opening session of “The Beginnings of Modern Jewish Literature” with EugeneOrenstein.
2019: In London, JW3 is scheduled to host ascreening of “Why the Jews?” a documentary that looks as the statisticallydisproportionate number of Jewish Nobel prize winners as well the“accomplishment of Jews in literate, film and the arts.” (Editor’s note: Apparently, the creators of the film did notlook at business, finance, or sexual abuse in the latter case of which therehas been an apparently disproportionate Jewish involvement from the point ofview of statistics.)
2020: The Jewish Heritage Museum of MonmouthCounty is scheduled to a free children’s music class on Zoom with“award-winning songwriter Carol Lester.”
2020: On Instragam Live, Aliza Sikolow, a “foodstylist and photographer based in Los Angeles is scheduled to demonstrate herculinary skills with “a challah-baking workshop.”
2020: The Jewish Film Institute is scheduled tohost day 2 of Cinegogue Summer Days” festival is scheduled to includes worldpremiere screening of 2020 documentary “IRMI”. followed by Q&A withfilmmakers and a screening of “Shiva Baby,” a 2020 comedy about a collegestudent.
2020: The Eden Tamir Center is scheduled topresent a young composers’ concert with pieces “by Ayal Lifsh*tz, Assaf Brownand Bracha Bdil” which will be scheduled live on Kan Kol Hamusika.
2020: In Cedar Rapids, at Temple Judah RabbiTodd Thalblum is scheduled to lead Kabbalah Shabbat Services live streamed onZoom where we call to mind Rabbi Ed Chessman Z”L who served this community forseveral years.
2021: In Jerusalem, the Eden-Tamir is scheduledto host “The Best of Chamber Music” with the Millennium Ensemble.
2021: In Cedar Rapids, IA, the National Czechand Slovak Museum is scheduled to host the first production of “The Golem ofPrague: A Story of Danger, Bravery and a Little Magic” a play by Darrin Crowwhich is set in sixteenth century Prague.
2021: As part of the “Klezmer-Jazz Project”“Pianist Alon Nechushtan, a world-class musician and leader of multiculturalJewish band Talat,” is scheduled to appear “in concert with a jazz quartet” inSan Francisco.
2021: Jewish Silicon Valley is scheduled tojoin with local synagogues to present an outdoor, socially distanced serviceand a reading of the Book of Lamentations.
2021: This evening, the Boston Synagogue isscheduled to host an online Tish’a B’Av Discussion
2021(8th of Av, 5781): Shabbat Chazon – TheSabbath before Tish’a B’Av
Parashat Devarim (Words)
2022: The New York Times features reviews ofbooks by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including 21stCentury Monetary Policy: The Federal Reserve From the Great Inflation toCovid-19 by Ben S. Bernake.
2022: As part of its “Her Majesty’s Kingdom”series, the National Library of Israel is scheduled to present online “A Tourof Anglo-Jewish History, 1656 to the Present” with Professor Todd M. Endelman
2022: CenterStage Theatre at the JCC (AJTMember Theatre in Rochester, NY) is scheduled to host the last performance“Rise.”
2022: Based on yesterday’s rocket attacks fromGaza which came “hours after President Biden ended his visit to Israel, the“new” Middle East today looks suspiciously like the “old” Middle East.
2022: The Jewish Language Project of Hebrew College isscheduled to host a conversation with Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studiesat Rutgers University, Jeffrey Shandler about his latest book, Biography ofa Language: Yiddish.
2022(18th of Tammuz, 5782): Fast of the 17th ofTammuz observed since the 17th fell on Shabbat.
2023: The Agnon House is scheduled to host thenew online lecture series "Autobiography and Memoir", during which “wewill examine, together with the best lecturers, the development ofautobiographical writing in world literature and Hebrew literature, fromantiquity to modern literature.”
2023: The Teaching the Holocaust SummerInstitute sponsored by the Iowa Jewish Historical Society is scheduled to begintoday.
2023: In Pittsburgh, the final phase of the trial of the trial of RobertBowers who has been found guilty of murdering 11 Jews at the Tree of LifeSynagogue is scheduled to begin today as the jury decides whether he gets thedeath penalty of life imprisonment.
2024: Touring Jewish Life, Literature and Learning in Poland led byDavid Bernstein and Jeffrey Saks is scheduled to spend the day in Lublin, “acity that was once one-third Jewish and center of Jewish printing houses.”
2024: The winner of the #WheresBarbra social media contest is scheduledto enjoy a free evening of fun at today’s “Philadelphia premiere of Funny Girl!”
2024: In Iowa City, a Yahrzeit Minyan is scheduled to be held forLawrence Jones, the father of Doug Jones, a pillar of the Agudas AchimCommunity.
2024: Hadassah in Minneapolis and St. Paul is scheduled to host the“Annual Shom*oozathon Fundraiser.”
2024: “The Annual Big Train Jewish Baseball Heritage Night is scheduledto take place as The Big Train takes “on the DC Grays in a Cal Ripken Sr.Collegiate Baseball League wooden bat game” that will include appearances byspecial guests Shlomo Lipetz and Barry Weinberg and the ‘presentation of a BigTrain Community Hero Award to Aviva Kempner.”
2024: A “Week of Goodness” campaign, launched by Rachel Goldberg-Polinand Jon Polin with the hope that extra kindness, good deeds and generosity inthe world could help bring about the release of the 116 hostages remaining inGaza, among them their son Hersh Goldberg-Polin is scheduled to continue today.
lwith the hope that extra kindness, good deeds and generosity in theworld could help bring about the release of the 116 hostages remaining in Gaza,among them their son Hersh Goldberg-Polin.
2024: Lockdown University is scheduled to host lectures by Trudy Goldon “1945-1947: The Survivors of the Holocaust and Zionism, Part 2” and LynJulius on “The Exodus of Jews from the Arab World.”
2024: As July 17th begins in Israel, anunprecedented wave of anti-Semitism that has included Hamas supporters callingfor Zionist passengers on a New York subway to raise their hands, sweeps theUnited States and the Hamas held hostages begin day 285 in captivity. (Editor’s note: this situation is too fluidfor this blog to cover so we are just providing a snapshot as of the posting atmidnight Israeli time.)
